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Russian school of the theory and geometry of gearing: Its origin and golden period (1935 --1975)

Dmitry BABICHEV,Sergey LAGUTIN,Natalya BARMINA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 44-59 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0360-z

摘要：

During the second half of the twentieth century, Soviet scientists were among the world leaders in the theory and geometry of gearing or the theoretical fundamentals of designing gears and gear-cutting tools. The authors of the current paper review works related to the development of the theory of gearing (TG) written in Russian from the mid-1930s to the present. Overall, the review covers more than 400 publications of nearly 200 authors (among more than 1000 studied works). This review involves some works on gear strength and accuracy to attract more experts.

This paper presents a short list of works from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth century and discusses the basic concepts of the TG. This paper also includes a review of more than 160 papers in Russian for the period of 1935–1975, which is the “golden age” of the TG. The main features and achievements during this period are also considered.

The distinctive feature of this review is the use of diagrams that visually present TG experts and the dates and themes of their published works. The diagrams also show the following aspects: 1) The most popular and important themes in a specific period, 2) the most important publications on the themes of interest to readers, and 3) the direction of the works and scope of interests of every researcher.

关键词： theory of gearing (TG) gear geometry generating surface gear synthesis gear analysis

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城市规划中抗震减灾的新构想——“强震发生断层”的发现和启示

李玶,杨美娥,赵东芝

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第7期页码 1-6

摘要：

不是所有的活断层都会发生破坏性地震（５～６级以上），只有其中的极少数在未来数十年、数百年内有可能发生强震，特称之为强震发生断层。这种断层有一定宽度，一般为数米、数十米到数百米或更多。在断层范围内，地震波峰值加速度陡增，烈度可增加２°～３°或更多，抗震设计很困难。断层范围外，烈度随着离震中距离的增大而减弱，抗震按常规设计即可；台湾集集地震的观测数据却提示，0.15g 的抗震设计，竟能抵御 0.5g 的破坏，抗震设计采用的地震动参数，蕴藏着巨大的抗震潜能，这使建筑物抗震达到人员零死亡的目标成为可能。强震发生断层的识别和圈定，从地震构造学的角度解决了地震预报的时、空、强三个要素。城市规划中在采用诸多有关抗震规范时，应考虑强震发生断层的有无及其增震作用，提请有关部门对规范作必要的修改和补充。

关键词：城市规划抗震减灾活断层强震发生断层强震发生断层的增震作用

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Antioxidative potential of metformin: Possible protective mechanism against generating OH radicals

Huibin Guo, Ning Wang, Xiang Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1313-2

摘要： Abstract • Metformin consumes O2−• and OH• induced by PM are proposed. • OH• dominated the oxidation of metformin compared with O2−• • Metformin can prevent the harm of ROS induced by PM to human health. • Antioxidative potential of metformin was first proposed to provide measures. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) can lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes oxidative stress and endangers human health. In this study, the effects of metformin on PM-induced radicals were investigated, and the antioxidation reaction mechanism of metformin was analyzed by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The corresponding results revealed that the consumption rate of dithiothreitol (DTT) increased as the metformin concentration (0–40 mmol/L) increased under exposure to PM active components. Moreover, the OH radical content decreased as the metformin concentration increased. This result may be related to the consumption of PM-induced OH radicals by metformin, which promotes the DTT consumption rate. Additionally, because the initiation reaction has a high barrier, the oxidation reaction rate between metformin and •O2− is not very fast, although various catalysts may be present in the human environment. Importantly, we found that the barrier of metformin induced by OH radicals is only 9.6 kcal/mol while the barrier of metformin induced by oxygen is 57.9 kcal/mol, which shows that the rate of the •OH-initiated oxidative reaction of metformin is much faster and that this reaction path occurs more easily. By sample analysis, the mean OH radical generation was 55 nmol/min/g (ranging from 5 to 105 nmol/min/g) on haze days and 30 nmol/min/g (ranging from 10 to 50 nmol/min/g) on non-haze days. Moreover, OH radical generation was higher on haze days than on neighboring non-haze days. Taken together, all data suggest that metformin could consume the PM-induced radicals, such as OH radicals and •O2−, thereby providing health protection.

关键词： Antioxidative potential Metformin Mechanism OH radical Health protection.

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A novel method for generating distillation configurations

Hongzhe Hou, Yiqing Luo

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 834-846 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1855-7

摘要： An improved matrix method for generating distillation configurations with ( −1) and less than ( −1) columns was proposed for the separation of an -component mixture into essentially pure product streams based on the concepts of streams matrix and 0–1 matrixes proposed by Agrawal. In contrast with the matrix method developed by Agrawal, the present method removes the intermediate process centered on the splits, and complex column configurations, allowing the direct generation of multi-feeds and multi-product streams. Furthermore, certain configurations that cannot be generated directly and that are missing in the matrix method are obtained. Through rigorous simulations and optimization, we have demonstrated that these configurations have the potential to outperform certain existing configurations.

关键词： non-sharp separation multicomponent distillation distillation configurations

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A brief review of genome editing technology for generating animal models

Haoyi WANG, Sen WU, Mario R. CAPECCHI, Rudolf JAENISCH

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 123-128 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019309

摘要：

The recent development of genome editing technologies has given researchers unprecedented power to alter DNA sequences at chosen genomic loci, thereby generating various genetically edited animal models. This mini-review briefly summarizes the development of major genome editing tools, focusing on the application of these tools to generate animal models in multiple species.

关键词： animal model CRISPR genome editing TALEN ZFN

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Impact of wind power generating system integration on frequency stabilization in multi-area power system

Y. K. BHATESHVAR,H. D. MATHUR,H. SIGUERDIDJANE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 7-21 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0338-2

摘要： Among the available options for renewable energy integration in existing power system, wind power is being considered as one of the suited options for future electrical power generation. The major constraint of wind power generating system (WPGS) is that it does not provide inertial support because of power electronic converters between the grid and the WPGS to facilitate frequency stabilization. The proposed control strategy suggests a substantial contribution to system inertia in terms of short-term active power support in a two area restructured power system. The control scheme uses fuzzy logic based design and takes frequency deviation as input to provide quick active power support, which balances the drop in frequency and tie-line power during transient conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the wind power impact with increasing wind power penetration on frequency stabilization in restructured power system scenario. Variation of load conditions are also analyzed in simulation studies for the same power system model with the proposed control scheme. Simulation results advocates the justification of control scheme over other schemes.

关键词： two area power system automatic generation control wind power generating system (WPGS) deregulated environment fuzzy logic controller (FLC)

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生成锁P<G,X,X'>和它的中央加密系统

史开泉,陈泽雄

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第2期页码 41-46

摘要：

利用数据生成技术，提出生成锁P <G ,X, X´>的概念和由P <G ,X, X´>构成的中央加密系统。这些系统是：生成锁P <G ,X, X´>与单齿中央加密系统，生成锁P <G ,X, X´>与多齿中央加密系统。给出单齿加密-解密算法，多齿加密-解密算法，多齿静态加密-解密算法，多齿动态加密-解密算法，中央加密系统的结构特性。研究指出：任意两个秘密通讯的双方A和B，它们各自选择无规则分布的正整数集合X_A={x₁，x₂，…，x_n}，X_B={x₁，x₂，…，x_m}，m,n≥4，X_A≠X_B，利用P <G ,X, X´>完成双方之间的秘密通讯。研究结果表明，所提出的方法具有良好的应用性，安全性。

关键词：生成锁中央加密系统多齿加密-解密算法 P X X'>存在定理数位签章唯一性定理

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A multiscale-contour-based interpolation framework for generating a time-varying quasi-dense point cloud

Chu-hua HUANG,Dong-ming LU,Chang-yu DIAO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第5期页码 422-434 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500316

摘要： To speed up the reconstruction of 3D dynamic scenes in an ordinary hardware platform, we propose an efficient framework to reconstruct 3D dynamic objects using a multiscale-contour-based interpolation from multi-view videos. Our framework takes full advantage of spatio-temporal-contour consistency. It exploits the property to interpolate single contours, two neighboring contours which belong to the same model, and two contours which belong to the same view at different times, corresponding to point-, contour-, and model-level interpolations, respectively. The framework formulates the interpolation of two models as point cloud transport rather than non-rigid surface deformation. Our framework speeds up the reconstruction of a dynamic scene while improving the accuracy of point-pairing which is used to perform the interpolation. We obtain a higher frame rate, spatio-temporal-coherence, and a quasi-dense point cloud sequence with color information. Experiments with real data were conducted to test the efficiency of the framework.

关键词： Multi-view video Free-viewpoint video Point-pair Multiscale-contour-based interpolation Spatio-temporal-contour Consistency Time-varying point cloud sequence

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三峡工程巨型水轮发电机组设计与实践

邵建雄,刘景旺,袁达夫

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第7期页码 104-110

摘要：

分析了三峡水轮发电机组设计中必须考虑的主要问题；总结了所进行的关键技术研究；通过关键技术问题研究，使得三峡水轮发电机组参数达到最优化。机组运行结果表明三峡水轮发电机组性能良好，能够长期安全、稳定、高效运行，从而有效地验证了对三峡巨型水轮发电机组的总体技术设计是科学合理的。

关键词：三峡工程 700 MW级水电机组单机容量设计研究运行稳定性实践

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Modeling analysis on solar steam generator employed in multi-effect distillation (MED) system

Zhaorui ZHAO, Bao YANG, Ziwen XING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 193-203 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0608-0

摘要： Recently the porous bilayer wood solar collectors have drawn increasing attention because of their potential application in solar desalination. In this paper, a thermodynamic model has been developed to analyze the performance of the wood solar collector. A modeling analysis has also been conducted to assess the performance and operating conditions of the multiple effect desalination (MED) system integrated with the porous wood solar collector. Specifically, the effects of operating parameters, such as the motive steam temperature, seawater flow rate, input solar energy and number of effects on the energy consumption for each ton of distilled water produced have been investigated in the MED desalination system combined with the bilayer wood solar steam generator. It is found that, under a given operating condition, there exists an optimum steam generation temperature of around 145°C in the wood solar collector, so that the specific power consumption in the MED system reaches a minimum value of 24.88 kWh/t. The average temperature difference is significantly affected by the solar heating capacity. With the solar capacity increasing from 50 kW to 230 kW, the average temperature difference increases from 1.88°C to 6.27°C. This parametric simulation study will help the design of efficient bilayer wood solar steam generator as well as the MED desalination system.

关键词： solar energy steam generating multi-effect desalination

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Cell surface protein engineering for high-performance whole-cell catalysts

Hajime Nakatani,Katsutoshi Hori

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 46-57 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1609-3

摘要： Cell surface protein engineering facilitated by accumulation of information on genome and protein structure involves heterologous production and modification of cell surface proteins using genetic engineering, and is important for the development of high-performance whole-cell catalysts. In this field, cell surface display is a major technology by exposing target proteins, such as enzymes, on the cell surface using a carrier protein. The target proteins are fused to the carrier proteins that transport and tether them to the cell surface, as well as to a secretion signal. This paper reviews cell surface display systems for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the perspective of carrier proteins, which determine the number of displayed molecules, and the localization, size, and direction ( or terminal anchoring) of the passengers. We also discuss advanced methods for displaying multiple enzymes and a new method for the immobilization of whole-cell catalysts using adhesive surface proteins.

关键词： cell surface engineering surface display whole-cell catalysts bioprocess

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深部裂缝带——一种新的地震构造样式

李愿军

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第4期页码 12-18

摘要：

黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址、雅砻江锦屏普斯罗坝址及其他一些水电工程区，在勘探过程相继发现了一种新的地质构造现象——深部裂缝带，并且多出现在我国强震活跃地区和强震发生断裂带上，沿断裂带历史上强震活动频繁；深部裂缝带向地下延伸超过300m，远远超出地表卸荷带的影响深度，故与强地震作用时岩体构造动力效应密切相关；讨论了根据弹性波作用下岩体的动力学响应，阐述了深部裂缝带发生的地震学原因。

关键词：深部裂缝带强震断层卸荷岩石动力学

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An Exploration of Surface Integrity Remanufacturing for Aeroengine Components

Qiao Xiang,Yong He,Ting-hong Hou

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 107-114 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016025

摘要： Surface integrity is the major factor impacting on the operation quality, service life and reliability of the aeroengine components. The surface integrity of aeroengine component is damaged by the failures such as crack, deformation, oxidation, corrosion, erosion, and microstructural degeneration. It adopts advanced remanufacturing technologies to restore or improve the surface integrity and regenerate these high value parts. This paper firstly puts forward the concept, namely surface integrity remanufacturing for aeroengine components, and its connotation. The key remanufacturing technologies have been developed to repair the components with surface damages. Ultimately, some application examples of surface integrity remanufacturing technologies as well as their effects in aeroengine maintenance are introduced. The discarded components have been reused and their service lives have been extended and their reliability has been increased by implementing surface integrity remanufacturing. It has realized “The Repaired Components Outpacing the New Ones”, material saving, energy saving, and emission reduction.

关键词： aeroengine component surface integrity remanufacturing surface integrity remanufacturing

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强震成功预报的曙光

李玶,杨美娥

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 19-27

摘要： 20世纪50年代以来，我国30多次成功预报了中、强地震的发生；近20年来国外有些地震学家对几次强震预测失败感到失望，逐渐将地震研究的主攻方向转变为对建筑物抗震能力的鉴定、加强建筑物抗震措施和建立现代数字台网，以便迅速准确确定强震的发生地点，可以即刻到现场救援;国内地震界部分地震学家受他们的悲观情绪的影响，也放弃了对强震预报的努力。所幸的是部分专业和业余地震学家仍在强震预报领域做出了不懈的努力，取得了可喜的成绩。

关键词：汶川地震强震预报强震发生断层

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Review on mechanism and process of surface polishing using lasers

Arun KRISHNAN, Fengzhou FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第3期页码 299-319 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0535-0

摘要： Laser polishing is a technology of smoothening the surface of various materials with highly intense laser beams. When these beams impact on the material surface to be polished, the surface starts to be melted due to the high temperature. The melted material is then relocated from the ‘peaks to valleys’ under the multidirectional action of surface tension. By varying the process parameters such as beam intensity, energy density, spot diameter, and feed rate, different rates of surface roughness can be achieved. High precision polishing of surfaces can be done using laser process. Currently, laser polishing has extended its applications from photonics to molds as well as bio-medical sectors. Conventional polishing techniques have many drawbacks such as less capability of polishing freeform surfaces, environmental pollution, long processing time, and health hazards for the operators. Laser polishing on the other hand eliminates all the mentioned drawbacks and comes as a promising technology that can be relied for smoothening of initial topography of the surfaces irrespective of the complexity of the surface. Majority of the researchers performed laser polishing on materials such as steel, titanium, and its alloys because of its low cost and reliability. This article gives a detailed overview of the laser polishing mechanism by explaining various process parameters briefly to get a better understanding about the entire polishing process. The advantages and applications are also explained clearly to have a good knowledge about the importance of laser polishing in the future.

关键词： laser polishing surface roughness process parameters mechanism